A very short history of the F-word

Now the text of Bukovka "F" is being colored by a similar renaissance not seen for several years... Yes, a renaissance.

Michelangelo / Sandro Botticelli / Big Think / Jakob Hege Main conclusions

• The text of Bukovka "F" was first reported in the press less than 1500 years ago, but etymologists do not doubt its origin.
• Space}For 500 years, Bukovka "F" was subject to censorship in the press and polite society, but continued to be widely used in everyday life.
• Today, the text has almost lost its unique stigma and is more often used for this purpose, to distinguish between tenses and Dumas.

Copy reference to notes http://%20very%20short%20history%20of%20The%20f-word.

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The longest-running use of Bukovka 'F' is Cicero's treatise on moral conduct, "de officiis." No, the Roman philosopher didn't anglicize his own beloved vulgar words. In 1528, an unknown monk wrote "On the duties of the abbot" in the margin of a manuscript of "de officiis."

It is unclear whether the monk's comment was meant as an insult to the abbot, or to the abbot's not-at-all-sly taste. In any case, we now see it as actually rude that an 18th-century monk, like an elementary school boy, had the opportunity to shout similar strong words in a book. And it was rude, but the terrain you were thinking of.

The alphabetic symbol "D" alone functioned to indicate the damned, as in "Oh, damned damned abbot." This little self-censorship shows that in the Middle Ages, inappropriate vulgarity was not the text of Bukovka "F." It was a light-hearted consideration of issues of religious significance. In fact, such chivalry has remained in our highly advanced euphemisms for vulgar language: swearing, swearing, swearing, etc.

The roles began to change 100 years ago. One obscene sentence becomes a PG-rated incantation, another becomes the obscene of obscenities. All these are part of the mysterious and puzzling circumstances of this sadly popular four-character phrase.

Where did the F-word come from?

Etymologists are still in no doubt as to where this four-character phrase originated. It must have originated in the unscrupulous margins of a monk, consumption, but if we step back from 1528 and delve into the written context, everything is unclear.

For example, in 1503, William Dumber, a court poet and priest of Scotland, wrote such an innocent small song! / You hurt my heart, my beauty. " In the unique Scottish version of Dunber, the rhyme is composed of chukkit ("caressed") and fukkit ("committed"), suggesting that this text was also rooted in British. I'm doing it.

An early example is another poem written in Anglo Latin in 1475. Translated directly, "They (monks) are not in heaven because of the fact that they did with their husbands from Eri (no town)."

Of course, this sentence goes back further, in the name of people and space, a tip of implementation and a gentle attitude toward it. Even if your favorite picnic spot is written on the map as "Devil's Grove", no one will think that. And the 12t h-century people signed the documents with these nicknames, such as "Henry Fuck Veger" and "Simon Fuck Butter."

According to a document in Chester County, from September 1310 to May 1311, a Roger Fukabitenwell was summoned three times in court and later received the "Unlocking Declaration." (The historian has no choice but to guess his crime).

Later, the name of the etymology was lost. People have advocated a variety of theories about the origin of this sentence, but some are more ridiculous. One of the famous theories is that this sentence is considered an acronym for the King's command. However, this idea basically means that in the resurrected Britain, everyone was engaged in fornication until the lives of Da i-kun were often able to think in a shorter time. Almost impossible.

In the book "Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter", which is a great reference, linguist John McWatter suggests two more possibilities. One is that the character of "F" comes from the now lost old English. This answer is interesting or nothing. Like McWater, we know only 34. 000 textbooks in our English. Moreover, most existing old English is an official or religious document.

Another possibility is that this text was actually copied from another language. As possible candidates include ficken (meaning "moving back and forth quickly, click"). McWater is another candidate for Nordic text, Fukka, which has now become an ancient language.

According to this theory, Viking's invasion of England was not just an escape. Many of the vikings stayed in England and settled. They, including farms, married British wives and became part of the culture. Naturally, their words, which represent such a general occupation, were conveyed together and joined the local dialect. The theory can explain the Dumbar Fukukit, as Viking was crowded in Northern Bria (once northern England and the kingdom that contained southern Scotland).

"You probably don't know which of these origin is right," McWater wrote. However, as a whole, McWater wrote that after the battle of Hystings, it would be a mysterious trivial word that appeared in one corner of the dictionary. "

A big effing deal

Even after the 16th century, this word is rarely used in English and is not used at least in printed.

"It was definitely an obscene word before the 16th century," McWater wrote. However, since the Renaissance, FUCK has been a magnificent concealed work. It is a vocabulary equivalent to "Drunk Uncle" and "Porn Collection".

For example, the dictionary of this word is the Italian and English dictionary printed by John Florio in 1598, Queen Anne's New World of Words. The F-Word was published in a general English dictionary after the penguin dictionary abolished taboo in 1966. The American Heritage dictionary did not post the F-Word until 1969, but the "Clean" version was not published. The special exception of this rule is John Ash's A New and Complete Dictionary of The English Language (1775).

One of the reasons why the word is deficient is related to the nature of the sentence. Most of the history could not read or write. People who can write often form a social elite and write for other elites. In order to separate themselves from the fallen elephant, they encrypted words to show their position. One of the methods was to avoid using obscene words about the lower class.

As printing and literacy became widespread, these norms were firmly established. Many historical examples come from underground entertainment such as folk songs, erotic comics, and obscene literature.

However, the social, cultural, and artistic shock caused by the two major wars began to give the media a little extraordinary vocabulary. 1924 drama "What is the value of glory? He is a huntsman as a huntsman, but has no F-bomb. Ernest-Hemingway contains rice (1926) in the sun, but the "diagonal mook" was forced to be pleased for anyone with the bell. And Norman Maiyer is known for changing the sentence of "Fugu" in the novel "Naked and Dead" (1948).

The turning point came in 1960 when a trial was held to tell the vulgarity of Mrs. Catalare's lover. The love of D. K. Lawrence is now known. Lawrence was subject to ban and censorship throughout the United Kingdom because of the introduction of sentences and simple sexual depictions. In the United Kingdom, Penguin Book, who published Ai, was a trial for violating the 1959 "Waiketsu Publishing Law". The charges were that love was to make readers "corrupt", but the jury acknowledged Penguin Innocent, mentioning the fact that this fiction was under the social good law.

Eventually, the other court followed him, and now "Ai" was regarded as the Ichirizuka of the Counter Culture Movement, which triggered a free character in society.

Evolution of the F-word

Since then, everything has come to have the same space. In the past, this text, which could not be pronounced in a polite society, has almost lost its brand, and now I can listen to the office, on television, and in my family dining (although children are playing in different rooms). can.

Linguist Valerie Freedland has a 28x more encounter in literature than Lawrence's writing about Mrs. Chatalei. This is the most widely used textbook of Yankee Niji, and until a while ago, it was bloody as a vulgar word used by British people, but in fact it seems to be really distant. It is becoming an event.

"This is the fact that something has changed for decades, and in fact similar words did the most unpleasant thing for at least a considerable part of the population." Freedland has reported. "And the increase in usage, including rudimentary things, all the more impressive" bad "words are also wonderful.

In 2023 research, for several decades, we have investigated how British elementary school students use this text. In fact, it was shown that this text was exposed to "Delexics" -The text that expands the personal spectrum of contextual consumption, which is different from its first meaning. In the case provided, the text was faster than the decisive one. In the past, anonymous monks are using it to give the edges of expression.

Freedland, who has not participated in this study, has an example of "It's Damn Hot in Hre". This expression is no longer literal. It is used to emphasize how hot it is. She writes as follows: "Choosing a word with shocking value and risk of taboo has a greater effect. [Omitted) Dirty words are not very traditional, literature. Because it is used in a typical way, it will rarely think of its negative meaning first.

Nevertheless, depending on the situation and the group of people, this word has not been completely serious, which is good. We need an emotional shadow to our remarks and need a word that conveys disgust, enthusiasm, and anger to the other person. We need to be informed that social hair is low and that it belongs to the inner group. And sometimes, you need a simple way to distinguish between pastors and shock jokers.

Someday, if this word does not fulfill these functions-if the day comes with all your might, like "My God", there is something else. There is no doubt that it will be a substitute. Until then, this word will continue to develop in our language in a new and interesting way.

* Modification: According to the version before this article, it was 1966 that the word "F" appeared in the English spray dictionary in 1966. This paragraph was updated to point out exceptions and clarify. < SPAN> Freedland, who has not participated in this study, has an example of "It's Damn Hot In Here." This expression is no longer literal. It is used to emphasize how hot it is. She writes as follows: "Choosing a word with shocking value and risk of taboo has a greater effect. [Omitted) Dirty words are not very traditional, literature. Because it is used in a typical way, it will rarely think of its negative meaning first.