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By identifying the path to pure zero and utilizing skills, Indonesia has 10 strategic initiatives to ensure an environmen t-friendly and stable future for the country and the whole world. There is an opportunity to support.

It is required to reduce emissions by 2030, and the scale will shrink rapidly. 1 Climate Scenario NGFS, network to green the financial system, June 2021; This is, for example, as a major difficult and important skill.

There are a lot of issues, such as the formation of popular cooperation, the integration of climate politicians, the transition to new technology (including negative emissions), overcoming infrastructure restrictions, and raising large investments. Apart from this, it is necessary to have a correct transition to link the r e-education of workers and the destruction of soci o-economic inequality.

Global initiatives have already begun. In particular, China increases the power of light-electric attitude (FEU) to about 500 gigabat (GW), and Norway is safe for an electric vehicle (EV), more than 80 % of its fresh car sales. It is the most refrigerated in the world to capture and save carbon ears with capacity of 6 million tons / year (MT / year). ) 3 Yikong Zhu, "Assmed to REACH 1 TV by 2026", Rystad Energy, 12 September 2023; Cret is Reveled: The Unchanged Demand for Fuel on Norway's Roads Will Not Last Long Against The Rapid Introduction of Electric Vehicle ", Rystad Energy, 24 AUGUST 2023; Ture and Save Carbon Around The 2023, "Statista, November 2023. Similar movements are lo w-carbon In addition to responding to urgent needs, new skills for financial and innovation have been revealed.

Indonesia’s strategic response to decarbonization

Indonesia, the world's eighth place in greenhouse gas (PG) emissions, plays an increasingly important role in mass carbonization. In consideration of past trends that prove that emissions will be doubled by 2060 (comparison based on 2019), it is decisive to Indonesian loyalty as a driver of this trend. Yes (Fig. 2). 4. 4th Anniversary Report in Indonesia, the United Nations Conditions Convention (UN RKIK), 2021; "Model for Carbon Scenario Research-Indonesia", McKinsey, 2019.

The government has given priority to green reconstruction, and efforts for economic carbonization are starting to take track. Indonesia is believed to be the world's fourth largest economy by 2045, and is striving to become the highes t-income economic power in that period. Indonesia has a powerful financial characteristics of 5 % percentage of growth, measuring inflation, and operating exchange rates. 5 "Indonesia is the world's fourth largest economic power," said by President Jokowe, the President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 27, 2017, Franciska Nangoi, Stefanno Sliman, Gayatori Sroyo, "Adjusting the foreign exchange rate to alleviate prices rising pressure," Reuters, November 3, 2023. The government has also introduced various regulations and financial incentives to focus on electric vehicles, carbon markets, and renewable energy and promote green recovery. In September 2022, Indonesia strengthened the incentive function of its own national incentive contribution (NIC), 31, 9%(comparison with 29, 0%) by 2030, 43 with international support. We have set goals to reduce emissions of, 2%(comparison with 41, 0%). ) The reduction goal of) was set. These goals include the reduction of Lulucf emissions. 6 Statistics

It is noteworthy that the "fair energy transition partnership (JETP)" signed at the 2022 G20 Summit also supports Indonesian commitments to secure the correct transition of energy. 7 "Indonesian Partnership for A Just Energy Transition", UNDP, 5 Decementer 2023. In Indonesia, the CO2 emissions from the power section are reduced by 2030, but it can be regenerated. -Power generation The goal is to increase the percentage of 44 %. 8 Just Energy Transition PartnerShip Indonesia: Full Investment Project and Policy Makers for 2023, Jetp Indonesia, 21 November 2023.

In fact, the existence of important minerals such as nickel (EV) batteries and the potential of Indonesia in carbon storage and natura l-based solutions (NBS) is an important player in the decarbide market. There is. 9 "Mining," Business Indonesia, 5 Decementer 2023; Vivek Lath and Deepak S. Moorty E Change, "Jakarta Post, 14 JULY 2023;" Indonesia Will Pioneer CCS in THIS FIELD: Working Together to Support Emergence Towards a Low Emission Future, "PR NewSwire, 5 September 2023. These natural resources and appropriate ecosystem For major business abilities in practical practice It has the potential to contribute.

Ten bold moves to becoming a global beacon for decarbonization

In this paper, we propose 10 policy initiatives to accelerate Indonesian green reconstruction. All of these initiatives have the potential to maximize financial value, develop labor, protect the surrounding environment, and to significantly reduce emissions. These cover a wide range of development and investment, from accelerating natural energy to develop innovative CCS technology. These are both prepared to eliminate Indonesia from the forefront of a larg e-scale struggle with climate change.

Bold move 1: Greening the power sector

Indonesia's energy division contains 30 % of government emissions, including the final consumption of electricity and thermal energy in industries, transportation, and buildings. Other emissions are generated as a result of land use (such as logging for forests, deterioration of peat land), forestry, agricultural economy, and waste. 10 Energy Roadmaps for Net Zero Emission in Indonesia, international energy organizations, September 2022. The power sector due to coa l-fired power accounts for about 40 % of the emissions. It is assumed that the power demand in the country will increase by 50 % by 2030 and by 2060 by 2060, so it is an issue to secure this increase without increasing the amount of emissions.

The Indonesian government aims to maintain energy security and accessibility and achieve zero emissions by 2060. 11 Expansion of contributions by country: The Republic of Indonesia, the United Nations Treaty, September 23, 2022. This goal includes the increase in power generation capacity by 2060 to 400 Gigawatts GWS or higher, and about 75%of the total power generation capacity up to 2060 is covered by natural energy. 12 Analysis of McKinsey using a 12 McKinsey Energy model. Indonesia has a huge amount of renewable resources, including 550 GW or more, 450 GW wind power, 100 GW hydropower, geothermal of 10 GW (the world's largest resource), and 20 GW biomass. These resources mean that it is theoretically possible to create a zero energy consumption energy division in Indonesia, and the potential total amount of natural energy is 1 terrabat (TVT). This brings tremendous opportunities to Indonesia (Figure 3).

Realizing the power sector opportunity

The Indonesian government has set up target indicators for renewable energy use. At present, the goal is to reach 17-19 % of renewable energy, which accounts for energy balance by 2025, and may exceed 30 % in 2050. 13 Renewable Energy Development Outlook: Indonesia, International Renewable Energy Organization (IRENA), in March 2017, "Indonesia will leave 23 % of renewable energy by 2025", Jakartopost paper, January 16, 2024 day. Along with this, in the latest plan on the development of power sectors in the country (Ruptl 2021-30), 50 % or more of new facilities have been converted to natural energy and 65 % or more have been converted to the development of independent power generation operators (IPP). There is. 14 2021-2030 (Rencana Umum Penyediaan Tenaga Listik- "Ruptl"), PT PLN Persero, 2021. In recent years, some efforts by companies related to Singapore (MOV) with Singapore (MOV) on the export of power by renewable energy, and some companies related to the production of photographic batteries and storage (BESS) have been promoted.

The government has introduced special requirements for local procurement for renewable energy businesses. 18 "Minister Resolution No 05/M-END/PER/2017", Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri, Ministry of Industry, 2017. Especially in solar power and Beth power generation projects, we can use domestic materials and labor. It is specified.

Future strategies

To effectively form and achieve goals, Indonesia has the opportunity to form a multifaceted strategy that links political incentives, investment, technology, and international cooperation. 19 2022 Indonesia's opportunity to change energy, reading-proposed reform universities, December 2021. The effects that are likely to be prioritized will lead to any chance:

• Repeated energy sources and energy efficiency in the field of energy efficiency: All chances to promote development and financing related to adopting countermeasures, such as repeated energy sources and lo w-carbon coal. There is
  • Repeated energy: Repeated energy source bags: Fixed ideas of bags; electricity payment; Package purchase on a national scale (standard for several GW scale due to the introduction of competitive processes); Total energy accounting; Lightweight approval; implicit energy exports Agreement with neighboring nations (followed by examples of recent memorandums with Singapore); Partnership with major influential companies in the field of repeated technology to introduce modern technology in Indonesia; Repeated energy and its own Information campaign to enlighten the people about how to roles (for example, how to install solar cells on the roof); potential ability to create skilled workers.
  • Transition from coal: Those who accept conclusions have all the opportunities to see the possibility of stereotype to low emissions. Perfect coal station, perfect transition to biomass burning, carbon tariff setting, ears that are not effective in ears, tax reduction measures to stations that are environmentally friendly, long and higher pollution stages Review of target closure.

  In addition, the national energy system needs to be adapted to the fluctuations of repeated energy sources and decentralization, covers the development and integration of energ y-saving technologies, and minimizes the loss during transmission and delivery.

  Bold move 2: Delivering clean energy by strengthening and expanding the grid

  The world's transmission bazaar is expected to reach $ 250 billion to $ 300 billion by 2030, and in fact an increase in energy demand, integration of energy sources repeatedly used, electrification of cars, and energy. It has been justified and growing rapidly for reasons such as concerns about security. 20 "Singapore and Indonesia, signed a memorandum to strengthen power transactions across borders", the Ministry of Commerce and Singapore, September 8, 2023. Under this lively standard, Indonesia has benefited from the emergency integration of its own energy system. In this system, the amount of power due to the expansion of the transmission network between systems and i n-system power networks actually enable ecological and nervous energy sources in major demand centers such as Java and Bali.

  Optimizing the clean energy opportunity

  To expand and modernize the power grid, Indonesia is developing 1000 km of transmission lines and installing new transformers. It is also developing inter-grid connections between different islands to make energy affordable and reliable, as well as to ease the burden on people who have island energy systems. The expansion and integration of the energy system is necessary to ensure the ability to use repeated energy sources in the state, for example, as the help of specialized internal energy sources for mineral processing in the chain of creation of prices for unprepared technologies, for the production of batteries for electric vehicles. These plans, such as the plan for Java and Sumatra with a capacity of 3 GW (which is planned to be linked to the long-term project for the formation of the Indonesian power industry in 2024-34, Ruputor) and the creation of a power cable factory by LS Cable & amp; Systems and Artha Graha Network, are talking about efforts. 21 Indonesia's Energy Section Intention: Focus on Recurring Energy Sources for NZE Benefits, Southeast Asia Infrastructure, June 16, 2023; Hong Yu, "LS Cable & amp; Systems Finishes Construction of Fresh Cable Plant in Indonesia", Korea Held, January 26, 2022

  Indonesia is also encouraging private participation related to the power sector, with more than 60% of new capacity in the Ruputor Remote IPP being IPP. The Indonesian government is working to improve the regulatory framework to encourage such investments in the power sector. 22 Indonesia, International Trade Management, Toll Instructions, December 5, 2023.

  In addition, the government has triggered a program to expand access to electricity in rural and remote areas. Such efforts are often associated with the introduction of small autonomous conclusions such as solar panels and micro electric stoves, on par with the expansion of traditional power grids. 23 Indah Soesanti and Ramadoni Syahputra, "Renewable energy systems based on micr o-electr o-electric power plants and solar photovoltaic plants for rural areas: focusing on a particular topic study in Jokyakarta, Indonesia", Science Direct, November 2021

  Future strategies

  For Indonesia to accelerate the strengthening and expansion of its energy system, there are every opportunity to prioritize influence:

  • Modernizing transmission and distribution infrastructure, including replacing outdated equipment and installing fresh, more efficient transmission lines. Current technology is limited in its ability to integrate changing energy sources at any given time, and may actually lead to an expansion of coal-fired power borrowing.
  • Introducing smart grid technology to integrate duplicated energy sources including solar energy. The development of a smart grid also includes a network design that connects a residential solar power generation system and provides a tw o-way energy flow necessary to prevent the instability of the grid.
  • The development of the transmission value chain is an important event because the cost of raw materials has risen significantly (32 % for copper and 40 % for aluminum). 24 Global Energy Perspective 2022, 26 APRIL 2022 Supplying these raw materials is the basis for suppressing planning prices.
  • In particular, it is important for consolidated economic sector, such as mining and manufacturing industries, and ensures reliable energy supply and reduces the burden of local government transmission networks.
  • Cooperation with international organizations and nations to obtain technical and economic support, such as technology relocation, ability development, and loans for infrastructure planning.

  Bold move 3: Accelerating electric mobility

  The Indonesian transportation sector is currently about 10 % of all human origin emissions. According to the monitoring, this emission is about 150 mt coz in 2020 in the "normal" scenario.₂The emission amount is about 150 mt coz in 2020₂It is about the degree. 25 Decarbonization Scenario Explorer (DSE) Model: Indonesia, McKinsey, 2019. This increase is due to the increase in population increase, financial recovery, urbanization, and fou r-wheeled (4W) orientation. Indonesia's way to zero emissions is likely to be achieved through the electrification of automobiles, the accompanying energy sector decarvination, and the introduction of hydrogen as an alternative fuel.

  Benefiting from the electric mobility opportunity

  The EV-TOLIK in the Indonesian 4W sales and the total amount of two (2W) has a foundation for a large shift without paying attention to the fact that it determines the minimum of 1 % in real time. 26 "Model: Indonesia", McKinsey, 2019; "Global Energy Perspective 2019", McKinsey, January 2019, January 2019. Indonesi a-the government has banned fossils and cars by 2040, providing incentives that pretend to be in prepaid purchase rates and no n-monetary interests, which are released from the rules of movement for EVs. As a way. 27 Fammer Fammer, Rahul Gupta, Vivek Latch and Nimal Manual, "Conquering the Rise in Asia's Evolution Ev Ecosystem", McKinsey, 30 JUNE 2022; RT Minister Promotes Ev's EXCELLENT Qualities at an Event to Raise Money for Electric Cars, JAKARTA Post, 21 November 2022.

  According to Clean Purst NERD "script, the ARTEL level of the EV sales volume reached about 26 % for motorcycle electric vehicles (E2W) by 2030 and about 27 % for fou r-wheeled electric vehicles (E4W), E2W by 2040. 100 %, EV, 28 entry, EVs and continuous use of EVs (total use of cars). Achieved 8%in E2W by 2030 and 4%for E4W, and by 2040, it will achieve 68%for E2W and 26%in E4W, the script is "Commitment in commitment. It has reached. " As a result, the regional nature of the transmission part is about 2 MTCO by 2030.₂Is expected to decrease. < SPAN> Indonesia's 4W sales and the total amount of two (2w) EV-tolik have a foundation for a large shift without paying attention to the fact that it determines the minimum of 1 % in real time. 26 "Model: Indonesia", McKinsey, 2019; "Global Energy Perspective 2019", McKinsey, January 2019, January 2019. Indonesi a-the government has banned fossils and cars by 2040, providing incentives that pretend to be in prepaid purchase rates and no n-monetary interests, which are released from the rules of movement for EVs. As a way. 27 Fammer Fammer, Rahul Gupta, Vivek Latch and Nimal Manual, "Conquering the Rise in Asia's Evolution Ev Ecosystem", McKinsey, 30 JUNE 2022; RT Minister Promotes Ev's EXCELLENT Qualities at an Event to Raise Money for Electric Cars, JAKARTA Post, 21 November 2022.₂According to Clean Purst NERD "script, the ARTEL level of the EV sales volume reached about 26 % for motorcycle electric vehicles (E2W) by 2030 and about 27 % for fou r-wheeled electric vehicles (E4W), E2W by 2040. 100 %, EV, 28 entry, EVs and continuous use of EVs (total use of cars). Achieved 8%in E2W by 2030 and 4%for E4W, and by 2040, it will achieve 68%for E2W and 26%in E4W, the script is "Commitment in commitment. It has reached. " As a result, the regional nature of the transmission part is about 2 MTCO by 2030.

  Is expected to decrease. The EV-TOLIK in the Indonesian 4W sales and the total amount of two (2W) has a foundation for a large shift without paying attention to the fact that it determines the minimum of 1 % in real time. 26 "Model: Indonesia", McKinsey, 2019; "Global Energy Perspective 2019", McKinsey, January 2019, January 2019. Indonesi a-the government has banned fossils and cars by 2040, providing incentives that pretend to be in prepaid purchase rates and no n-monetary interests, which are released from the rules of movement for EVs. As a way. 27 Fammer Fammer, Rahul Gupta, Vivek Latch and Nimal Manual, "Conquering the Rise in Asia's Evolution Ev Ecosystem", McKinsey, 30 JUNE 2022; RT Minister Promotes Ev's EXCELLENT Qualities at an Event to Raise Money for Electric Cars, JAKARTA Post, 21 November 2022.₂According to Clean Purst NERD "script, the ARTEL level of the EV sales volume reached about 26 % for motorcycle electric vehicles (E2W) by 2030 and about 27 % for fou r-wheeled electric vehicles (E4W), E2W by 2040. 100 %, EV, 28 entry, EVs and continuous use of EVs (total use of cars). Achieved 8%in E2W by 2030 and 4%for E4W, and by 2040, it will achieve 68%for E2W and 26%in E4W, the script is "Commitment in commitment. It has reached. " As a result, the regional nature of the transmission part is about 2 MTCO by 2030.₂Is expected to decrease.

  Future strategies

  2040, compared to the Extinction Pulse script (Figure 4). 30 Mass Energy Opportunities by 2024, "Commitments Met" script and "Extinction Pulse" script. Private companies are already joining the transition: Gojek wants to transition all of its privately owned vehicles to electric vehicles by 2030, and plans to introduce 26, 000 electric vehicles in Indonesia. 31 “Gojek and TBS Energi Utama create a joint venture to accelerate formation of an ecosystem of two-powered electric vehicles in Indonesia”, Gojek, 18 November 2021; Fanny Potkin and Fathin Ungka, “The Ride-Haling Gojek Giant will switch to electric cars by 2030”, Reuters, 30 April 2021. The pace of E2W sales in Indonesia is starting to gain momentum, with adoption increasing nearly threefold by 2023, with E2W comparables reaching 62, 000 units from 17, 000 units in 2022. 32 “Dual-arm EV Sales in Indonesia to Grow 262% in 2023”, Antara, March 1, 2024. The CAGR of E2W sales from 2023 to 2030 will increase by more than 50%, reaching 2 million units at the end of this implementation period. 33 McKinsey Center for the Future of Mobility 2024. Electric chargers and electronic light vehicles are still considered a promising market.

  • 33 MTSO per year in 2030 and 33 MTSO per year in 2040 compared to the simple script (Figure 4). 35 Massive Energy Opportunities by 2024, "Commitment Met" script, "Embarrassment" script. Private companies are already participating in this transition: Gojek wants to fully transition its privately owned vehicles to EVs by 2030 and has a target of having 26, 000 EVs in Indonesia. 36 “Gojek and TBS Energi Utama create a joint venture to accelerate formation of an ecosystem of two-armed electric vehicles in Indonesia”, Gojek, 18 November 2021; Fanny Potkin and Fathin Ungka, “The Ride-Haling Gojek Giant switches to electric cars by 2030”, Reuters, 30 April 2021. Apart from this, Indonesia would be a prime candidate for E2W adoption as the lift-off market is already growing at over 50% annually. 37 McKinsey test Electric vehicle tax and light electric vehicles are still considered a promising market.
  • universe
  • {space}

  Bold move 4: Building the battery value chain

  Destroy the infrastructure, especially new infrastructure related to the new infrastructure. To that end, by supporting lo w-cost financial decisions, by solving larg e-scale and serious cost (capture) difficulties, establishing a partnership with real estat e-based, and supporting geographical analysis. It is necessary to optimize the station, modernize network infrastructure as needed, and harmonize technical stereotypes.

  The battery value chain opportunity

  {space}

  Future strategies

  Building a comprehensive ecosystem for EVs, such as maintenance and service by external organizations, EV r e-bazaars, and battery processing, can increase the availability and charm of EVs. As a result, it may be necessary to introduce an innovative business model that increases the possibility of EV. For example, a separate funding between a vehicle and a battery, a proposal for a "battery as a service", and the development of the old car funding type. < SPAN> So Indonesia was able to fully realize the potential of electronic mobility:

  • In fact, the number of vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE) has the potential to expand the charging infrastructure (EVCI) in public charging stations and battery replacement stations as a whole. Accept additional goals in line with the COP28 agreement on acceleration emissions. This will function as a signal for the transition to electric vehicles (OEM), such as buyers (OEMs).
  • Destroy the infrastructure, especially new infrastructure related to the new infrastructure. To that end, by supporting lo w-cost financial decisions, by solving larg e-scale and serious cost (capture) difficulties, establishing a partnership with real estat e-based, and supporting geographical analysis. It is necessary to optimize the station, modernize network infrastructure as needed, and harmonize technical stereotypes.
  • Building a comprehensive ecosystem for EVs, such as maintenance and service by external organizations, EV r e-bazaars, and battery processing, can increase the availability and charm of EVs. As a result, it may be necessary to introduce an innovative business model that increases the possibility of EV. For example, a separate funding between a vehicle and a battery, a proposal for a "battery as a service", and the development of the old car funding type. As a result, Indonesia was able to fully realize the potential of electronic mobility:

  Bold move 5: Creating a carbon market with Indonesia’s abundant nature-based solutions

  universe

  Shaping the carbon market opportunity

  In fact, the number of vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE) has the potential to expand the charging infrastructure (EVCI) in public charging stations and battery replacement stations as a whole. Accept additional goals in line with the COP28 agreement on acceleration emissions. This will function as a signal for the transition to electric vehicles (OEM), such as buyers (OEMs).

  • Destroy the infrastructure, especially new infrastructure related to the new infrastructure. To that end, by supporting lo w-cost financial decisions, by solving larg e-scale and serious cost (capture) difficulties, establishing a partnership with real estat e-based, and supporting geographical analysis. It is necessary to optimize the station, modernize network infrastructure as needed, and harmonize technical stereotypes.
  • Building a comprehensive ecosystem for EVs, such as maintenance and service by external organizations, EV r e-bazaars, and battery processing, can increase the availability and charm of EVs. As a result, it may be necessary to introduce an innovative business model that increases the possibility of EV. For example, a separate funding between a vehicle and a battery, a proposal for a "battery as a service", and the development of the old car funding type.
  • Indonesia’s nickel resources and favorable ecosystem can help unlock opportunities in the battery cost chain. Recently, the government announced the possibility of additional investment of about $32 billion in the battery supply chain for the domestic market by 2026. 44 Franciska Nangi, “Indonesia sees $32 billion investment in battery supply chain – government official”, Reuters, May 30, 2023, South Korean conglomerate Hyundai also set up its first electric vehicle manufacturing plant in 2022. 45 “Hyundai Motor launches Indonesia’s first electric vehicle production plant”, Reuters, March 17, 2022. In August 2023, a consortium led by South Korean electronics company LG, in collaboration with the Indonesian government and Indonesia Battle Corp. IBC, will build a factory to produce batteries for electric vehicles, a smelter and additional infrastructure, bringing investment to $9. 8 billion. 46 Feysal Maliki Baskoro, "Indonesia teams up with LG consortium to build Bquus Factory for EV with investments of $9, 8 billion", Jakarta Globe, 4 August 2023.
  • Space

  Future strategies

  Adopt batteries as a national strategic priority and their sustainable development to attract global and domestic industry players and ensure the transfer of technological know-how. These efforts include improving the ease of doing business, developing infrastructure related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards, and implementing targeted education programs.

  • {Space}
  • Build a buil t-in chain of price creation, from production / processing to cathode, their files and packages. It has the potential to reduce production costs, destroy the narrow space of the supply chain, and to expand the scope of other revenue components in the chain of price creation. For example, to manufacture accumulated parts in Indonesia, the material required to prepare an anodole (graphite, copper, silicon, etc.), an electrolyte (lithium salt, organic solvent, etc.), and a cathode (representative nickel). Must be produced or imported. This will definitely be useful for the practice of the waste processing company and the circulating economy, and the lithium and cobalt are not widely obtained in the district market, so that Indonesia will be able to extract these materials in the future.
  • In Indonesia, the NBS process is accelerated and all efforts are being carried out in real time:

  Bold move 6: Developing green fuels for transportation

  universe

  Accelerating the biodiesel opportunity

  People who have begun to plan space} are focusing on developing new quality plans to reduce emissions. Planning for successful implementation includes wetland protection, food security, biodiversity protection, and residents' income. 50 "Save+ on Earth", CIFOR, 2014; "Project of the TORFYANIKOV SumaTra Merang", FOREST CARBON, 7 Decementer 2023

  universe

  The Ministry of Protection (KLHK), mainly water and forestry, has introduced a national registration system (SRN), which is considered an unclear stereotype in the district plan. This system has an important role in ensuring the management of property, setting lea d-based and requests for the reduction of carbon emissions, and covers autonomous external tissues and verification. I'm doing it. SRN is designed to promote transparency and accountability by creating a registration book that functions as a reliable and sublime source. 51 "Indonesian National Climate Registry (" Sistem Registration NASIONAL PERUBAHAN IKLIM "), Indonesia, 2023

  universe

  In September 2023, the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) launched a trading platform based on the amount of carbon assignment (as part of the amount of allocation and trading program). 52 "Launching the Indonesian Carbon Exchange", the Indonesian Stock Exchange, September 26, 2023.

  Future strategies

  {space}

  • Indonesia has an opportunity to position itself as a key hub for NBS:
  • The final version of the sectoral decarbonization roadmap (including carbon market strategy) could provide clarity and confidence to carbon market players to make investments in voluntary carbon markets, while at the same time triggering Note 6 of the Paris Agreement. 54 Note 6 of the Paris Agreement allows countries to voluntarily cooperate with other countries to achieve the emission reduction targets set out in their NAPs. "What is Needed for Nobility Under Note 6 of the Paris Agreement," World Bank, May 17, 2022.
  • Ensure cooperation between local governments and the private sector to accelerate the improvement of carbon credit quality (in line with international standards) and the establishment of a domestic carbon market ecosystem. Optimize regulatory and approval processes, targeted sustainable financing, and comprehensive annual emissions measurement, reporting, and testing (MRV).

  Bold move 7: Converting mature oil and gas fields into carbon stores

  ruba₂Mainstreaming Indonesia's carbon credit market to attract foreign investment and facilitate pricing will allow international customers to access the Indonesian market. This requires ensuring high integrity and compatibility with domestic and international stereotypes, rigorous implementation of plans and long-term forecasting to give it an edge in the domestic market.₂Lo w-carbon vehicles cannot be equipped by electrification alone. The green appearance of the fuel still needs to play an important role, and Indonesia has all the skills to contribute to this shift personally. Bio Diesel's most main major manufacturer, Indonesia, has a great potential for the production of environmentally friendly air fuel (SAF), has been prepared to freeze with a huge bi o-fuel market. This shift corresponds to major directions, especially to increase demand from these regions such as European units and North America.₂Indonesia has taken many measures to expand the use of environmentally friendly fuel.

  Increasing the CCS opportunity

  Biethanol: In 2023, gasoline, which added Bioethanol E5, was experimentally tested at various gas stations. 55 "Indonesia: PERTAMINA INTRODUCES MIXING E5 in JUNE 2023," US Department of Agriculture, 27 JUNE 2023. There is a big possibility, and within 10 years, bioethanol was mixed. It is possible to increase gasoline to 10%of the total salary. In order to ensure the cost competitiveness of the firs t-generation biofuels (1G), various initiatives are required in farmland and outside the farmland. For example, not only normally support, such as mechanization of sugar cane planning and eliminating goods tax, but also normally support. Rea l-time biphewel 2 generations (2G) are more important than 1G, and have the potential to be considered as medium- to lon g-term choices. 56 Based on interviews with industry experts. The main issues imposed on the industry are to enable 1G of biofuels on the earth without harm food security and to enable larg e-scale 2G bio fuel. For example, Brazil has succeeded in greatly reducing the production of biofuels with the technical training and legal support necessary for the production of biofuels.₂Bio Diesel: In August 2023, the bi o-diesel mixture was raised to 35%nationwide. The monitoring of Indonesian fuel for 2030 was implemented based on the no emissions of the Plutamina Roadmap.

  Future strategies

  Environmentally unnecessary aviation fuel (SAF): Indonesia, where the production of palm oil mill effluent (POME), the main raw material for SAF production, reaches 50%, values ​​SAF as one of the main components for reducing aviation emissions. However, the market opening of SAF may require economic support and incentives due to its high production price compared to other aviation fuels. Apart from this, the introduction of POME is associated with normative claims on palm oil-based combustibles without paying attention to the fact that POME is considered a production waste. As a result, supply chain forecasting becomes more and more meaningful with the introduction of a clear layout for accounting and traceability.

  • To successfully expand the use of "green" fuels, Indonesia needs to solve high-priority problems:₂{space}₂Creating a regulatory framework that provides competitive costs for "green" fuels compared to fossil fuels, and also resolving the difficulties of the high production costs and regulatory challenges associated with surfactants.
  • space₂The expansion and introduction of bioethanol and biodiesel production can increase production without harming food protection by improving the productivity of palm oil plantations. The expansion of bioethanol production scale can focus on securing the necessary raw materials and forming production and blends, while the expansion of biodiesel production scale (including improving sowing characteristics and agricultural techniques) can increase biodiesel productivity.
  • Study the potential of non-electric hydrogen as a future energy element and regional export product, especially for energy importing countries like Japan and Korea. This will require improved production technology and special rules for electric fuels.

  Bold move 8: Developing green industrial estates

  The global importance of "ears" as a tool for reducing PG emissions is increasing. Ears means the recovery of Co.

  Concentrations of sustainability innovation

  Ears means the recovery of Co from industrial sources and its conservation within the territory. Ears has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions from 2GT to 6GT per year.

  • Or for enhanced oil recovery (IOR).₂Indonesia is actively addressing CCS issues, evaluating potential carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCS) sites and taking legislative steps. As of November 2023, 10 CCS clusters are under consideration, four CCS plans are in early development, and three are in advanced development. 61 Mass CCS Status 2023: Scaling up to 2030, Mass CCS, January 2024; McKinsey test. In addition, a presidential decree on CCS and CCUS was issued in January 2024. 62 Takeo Kumagai, “Interview: Indonesia to finalize CCS/CCS presidential decree by the end of the year,” S& P Global, October 2, 2023. CO2 emissions mapping work underway
  • To implement CCS effectively, Indonesia has the opportunity to learn from international large-scale schemes:
  • Take inspiration from successful models such as Net Zero Teesside and Zero Carbon Humber and explore the possibility of establishing cluster CCS in industrial centres that would allow economies of scale to accelerate the deployment of CCS.

  63 Supporting information is available on the East Coast Cluster website at Eastcoastcluster.

  Future strategies

  This could include gathering information on large international schemes such as Gorgon LNG and Northern Lights, managing technical complexities (e. g. reservoir pressure), and awareness of likely business models that may include carbon taxes and provision margins.

  • {RUIT}
  • Make savings.
  • Linking blue hydrogen with CCS will enable new benefit streams, undoubtedly offsetting costs and ensuring competitive prices.

  Bold move 9: Funding the energy transition with green capital

  Indonesia aims to have 17-19% of its energy mix from renewables by 2025 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. 65 Supporting Indonesia's Power System, IEA, August 2022, "Indonesia Firmly Rejects 23%", January 16, 2024. Central to this change is the formation of "green" industrial zones (or hubs). According to the report, these hubs should become future centers of "green" innovation that will help reduce significant carbon emissions from industry, which accounts for 23, 0% and 15, 6% of the country's direct and indirect energy emissions, respectively. 66 Climate Transparency Report 2022, Climate Transparency, 2022.

  The Indonesian government has already begun efforts to establish green industry hubs focused on low-carbon applications and circular economy principles. These hubs are designed to serve as collaboration platforms for regional and international companies, offering:

  rumor

  By leveraging the hubs, industries can share resources, reduce costs, and accelerate decarbonization in all sectors. This also includes developing joint infrastructure such as green energy networks, smart grids, carbon pipelines, and hydrogen pipelines.

  Investing in the green capital opportunity

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  • The Indonesia Kalimantan Industrial Park (KIPI) in Bulungan, Nordbu Kalimantan is considered the flagship project of the green industry node. In fact, KIPI is planned to be the world's "greenest" industrial park, with tens of billions of dollars of investment from international partnerships, focusing on areas such as batteries for electric vehicles and environmentally friendly energy. 67 "Indonesia to build large industrial park in Borneo", Reuters, December 21, 2021. 2 Other industrial park plans - Arun Lokesumawe and Sei Mankei. 68 Government considers creation of financial special zone (SEZ) Arun Lokesumawe, Minister's Office of the Republic of Indonesia, February 27, 2017, "Financial Special Zone Sei Mankei", Pt Kawasan Industri Nusantara, December 6, 2023. For the successful creation and expansion of "green" industrial zones, priority areas of influence for Indonesia could be linked:
  • Strategic space decisions. This could combine proximity to cities and transport hubs, access to reusable energy resources, presence of areas with low environmental value, low risk of floods and natural disasters, responsible zoning, and access to key resources. For example, Kalimantan has reusable energy resources, while Java has existing infrastructure and is close to key markets.
  • Initiating innovative plans and partnerships to create soil for a stable industrial ecosystem. For example, public-private partnerships would certainly help in risk sharing between the municipal and private sectors, as well as cooperation with international technology suppliers.
  • Recruiting sustained investments with the support of financial incentives, such as tax exemptions and the release of tasks from other countries, such as international traders, who may play a key role in internal recruitment.

  Future strategies

  Indonesia has set ambitious goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43, 2 % by 2030 (unconditionally 31, 9 %, with international support for 11, 3 %). 69 Indonesian Climate Development Report, World Bank, April 28, 2023. The country has an excellent potential for sustainable growth, but to achieve these green growth and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets by 2030 to $ 150 billion per year. A large amount of investment is required. 70 "Indonesia requires $ 200 billion in 2021 and 2030 to make decalbonation in decalbonation," Reuters, October 13, 2021. Therefore, it is extremely important for Indonesian green conversion to involve a wide range of financial players and provide various green financial products.

  Sustainable finance has three main forms. Traditional loans by banks, bonds in domestic and overseas markets, and "mix finance" with public and private funds. Loans and bonds include sustainable loans in which interest rates and coupons fluctuate when sustainable goals are achieved, and projec t-based financing that must be a qualified green project.

  • Blended finance is provided by lender lenders of publi c-private sectors such as development financial institutions (DFIs), multilateral development banks (MDB), and investors, so they can propose more unique value. It contains many asset classes, including subsidies, stocks, liabilities, concessions, tax incentives, investor exemption, insurance, and guarantee (Figure 7). For example, JETP adopts a mixed loan mechanism that combines the loan, market loans, subsidies, guarantees, and other means. 72 Integrated Investment and Policy Plan 2023, Jetp Indonesia, 2023.
  • rumor

  Bold move 10: Enabling a green economy

  In 2018, Indonesia's eight banks launched the Indonesian Sustainable Financial Initiative (ISFI), which promotes environmental financial plans. 73 "Indonesia's Sustained Finance Initiative", Green Finance Platform, 2018. The center of the Indonesian bank sector has a pledge to increase environmentally friendly loans.

  Growing a green economy to achieve a sustainable future

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  Future strategies

  "Greenish Taxonomy of Indonesia" 1. 0 (OJK updated in 2022) published in 2022 is a standardization of sustainable loans to identify plans to receive sustainable loans. Originally, financial institutions are required to introduce climate information in connection with this classification method. 76 Greenish Taxonomy of Indonesia, Sustainable Finance Indonesia, January 20, 2022; E indonesia, February 20, 2024.

  • These issues can impair the trust of investors in natural energy in Indonesia, but in order to fill the funding gap, it is extremely necessary to have a significant funding source, which is the national fund for the renewable energy project. Will be supplemented. In order to further promote loans to renewable energy in the framework of Indonesia's growth and low carbon, the following actions include:
  • Spatial} Development of innovative and new financing mechanism, strengthening of sustainable funding and strengthening experience. This includes research on new ways to raise funds, such as expanding the use of financial products with higher financial leverage (insurance, warranty, mixed loan structure, exchange hedging, etc.). In addition, it is possible that financial institutions, investors and other stakeholders provide training and resources on sustainable financing.
  • It promotes the development of publi c-private partnerships and attracts more international capital through the nationa l-level investment platform. The government and the private sector can jointly develop and implement stable financial decisions, including nationa l-level ones, enabling projects and funding for projects according to the national scale. This is a 78 Bridgetown Initiative, PMO (Office Location of the Barbados Prime Minister), 9 Ctome 2023 In 2022, "ICBR's investment possibilities", which is an independent capital ratio evaluation of multilateral development banks, and the mixed funding fund proposed to KS28, losses and damage funds, damages funds, new international. The involvement of new international special climate change funds in the framework of KS, G20, and UN processes, such as climate change taxes and fees. < SPAN> These problems can cause investors' trust in natural energy in Indonesia, but it is extremely necessary to have a no n-governmental funding source to fill the funding gap, which is a renewable energy project. It will compensate for national funding. In order to further promote loans to renewable energy in the framework of Indonesia's growth and low carbon, the following actions include:

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  Spatial} Development of innovative and new financing mechanism, strengthening of sustainable funding and strengthening experience. This includes research on new ways to raise funds, such as expanding the use of financial products with higher financial leverage (insurance, warranty, mixed loan structure, exchange hedging, etc.). In addition, it is possible that financial institutions, investors and other stakeholders provide training and resources on sustainable financing.

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  Elim Poon - Journalist, Creative Writer

  Last modified: 27.08.2024

  Indonesia's green powerhouse promise: Ten bold moves​​ By identifying and acting on the opportunities on the road to net zero, Indonesia could—with ten strategic. energy workers into the green workforce is crucial. Southeast Asia “Indonesia's green powerhouse promise: Ten bold moves” from McKinsey. By identifying and acting on the opportunities on the road to net zero, Indonesia could—with ten strategic initiatives—ensure a secure, green.