Whales Smithsonian Ocean

Whales

Speaking of whales, we will first think of a large whale. Whales are filtered from seawater (like the whales in the image above), supporting the upper chin with whales. However, whales include dolphins, rimmirka, and other mahahaes, with more than 80 species in total. Whales live in the sea around the world and also inhabited in freshwater rivers. Whale (Mysticeti) and the OdontoCeti have a common (and probably surprising) ancestor, regardless of the menu and size. In this page, all whales are called whales, and in some cases, whales, whales, or individual species clarify the characteristic characteristics and behaviors.

The whales of the whales and the cry of the common dolphin remind you of our human conversation. With the support of the Galaxy Ship Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, we sending a whale song to space so that another cultural sphere can be deciphered in golden records. We know that whales are wise, but we have little knowing how they think and speak. Their long mobile routes and deep diving mean that tracking is not easy. Despite the fact that whale surveys have attracted attention and the defense of whales has been focused on for many years, it is difficult to answer the simple question of the number of whales at one point.

Are You An Educator?

Sumisonian Ocean offers lessons, events, and materials that are sure to be crazy about the sea.

Anatomy, Diversity & Evolution

Anatomy & Physiology

What Makes a Whale a Whale?

Whales are mammals. In other words, like humans and other land mammals, there are three inner ear bones and hairs, breathing air, and the female puts milk from the mammary glands and gives their children. Mammals usually have hair to maintain body temperature, but whales have highly insulated grease, so they often have the smallest hair, and the hair comes off with aging. Whales still have a common feature with land mammals, but develop various symptoms so that they can be used in the water on a daily basis.

Body Structure

A whale tail named Phoenix, 2004. (Fresh British aquarium, photographer Tim Fraser) Speaking of whales, we will first think of a large whale. Whales are filtered from seawater (like the whales in the image above), supporting the upper chin with whales. However, whales include dolphins, rimmirka, and other mahahaes, with more than 80 species in total. Whales live in the sea around the world and also inhabited in freshwater rivers. Whale (Mysticeti) and the OdontoCeti have a common (and probably surprising) ancestor, regardless of the menu and size. In this page, all whales are called whales, and in some cases, whales, whales, or individual species clarify the characteristic characteristics and behaviors.

Sumisonian Ocean offers lessons, events, and materials that are sure to be crazy about the sea.

A whale tail named Phoenix, 2004. (Fresh British Aquarium, photographer Tim Fraser) Speaking of whales, we will first think of a large whale. Whales are filtered from seawater (like the whales in the image above), supporting the upper chin with whales. However, whales include dolphins, rimmirka, and other mahahaes, with more than 80 species in total. Whales live in the sea around the world and also inhabited in freshwater rivers. Whale (Mysticeti) and the OdontoCeti have a common (and probably surprising) ancestor, regardless of the menu and size. In this page, all whales are called whales, and in some cases, whales, whales, or individual species clarify the characteristic characteristics and behaviors.

Breathing

Sumisonian Ocean offers lessons, events, and materials that are sure to be crazy about the sea.

A whale tail named Phoenix, 2004. (Fresh British aquarium, photographer Tim Fraser)

Adapting to Water

Whales may be big, but the body is streamlined and can swim efficiently. The whale tail moves vertically in the water (usually different from fish that moves the tail horizontally). The flipper (or chest fin) is an improvement of the elbow joints fixed, and is mainly used for steering. Even if there is a backdrop, it is for maintaining stability, and there is no support by bones.

The whale can survive in the deep sea or ic e-covered margin area because the layer of fat called subcutaneous fat covers the whole body. Subcutaneous fat is much thicker than other mammals. The greaths are as low as wettoses used in surfing and diving, which are the same as wettoses in whales in whales swimming. The thickness of subcutaneous fat is 5 to 30 cm or more depending on the seeds. Just because the subcutaneous fat is thick does not necessarily mean you can protect yourself from the cold. The main purpose of subcutaneous fat is to store food in animals during the poor winter.

Sleeping While Swimming

In addition, large species have a higher surface area of the skin than the size of the body, so the heat retention is higher. Small species have a high metabolic rate and keep them warm using a tail fin or a blood vessel to the blood vessels. Thanks to this heat exchange, the cold blood of the animal's limbs flows directly from the animal trunk through the animal's trunk through the veins to the warm blood of the animal, without being deprived of the skin surface. Also, when the animal is in cold water, blood vessels contract, the energy for circulating blood and keeping warmth is reduced.

Makko whales are currently the largest in the world. The ratio of the brain and the body is also important, and only humans have a greater ratio of the brain and body than whales. As a result, marine dolphins, especially killer whales, can take complicated actions and create society. Whale may be big, but the body is streamlined and can swim efficiently. The whale tail moves vertically in the water (usually different from fish that moves the tail horizontally). The flipper (or chest fin) is an improvement of the elbow joints fixed, and is mainly used for steering. Even if there is a backdrop, it is for maintaining stability, and there is no support by bones.

Senses

In addition, large species have a higher surface area of the skin than the size of the body, so the heat retention is higher. Small species have a high metabolic rate and keep them warm using a tail fin or fins in the blood vessel. Thanks to this heat exchange, the cold blood of the animal's limbs flows directly from the animal trunk through the animal's trunk through the veins to the warm blood of the animal, without being deprived of the skin surface. Also, when the animal is in cold water, blood vessels contract, the energy for circulating blood and keeping warmth is reduced.

Makko whales are currently the largest in the world. The ratio of the brain and the body is also important, and only humans have a greater ratio of the brain and body than whales. As a result, marine dolphins, especially killer whales, can take complicated actions and create society. Whales may be big, but the body is streamlined and can swim efficiently. The whale tail moves vertically in the water (usually different from fish that moves the tail horizontally). The flipper (or chest fin) is an improvement of the elbow joints fixed, and is mainly used for steering. Even if there is a backdrop, it is for maintaining stability, and there is no support by bones.

Both whales and whales breathe with respiratory holes that correspond to whales. Whales exhale warm air, encounter cold air on the surface of the water and condens them, and when it becomes a small water drops, a remarkable posture is formed on the surface of the water. (Andrew Russell, Flickr)

Both whales and whales breathe with respiratory (whale version nostrils). This hole is on the head and is connected to the lungs. Whale meals are only from the lungs that are not connected to the lungs, so you can reduce the risk of drowning due to water in your lungs during your meal. There are only two respiratory pipes and one in the Odon setti in the whale belonging to the Mistikti (whaling). Unlike humans who breathe automatically, whales are actively controlling the timing of breathing. Ketma specially controls the muscles called a nasal file that covers the aisle of the respiratory hole.

The time left for exhalation and intake to fill the lungs is only a moment. In principle, whales can breathe several times before diving, and then stay underwater for a certain period of time (usually 5 to 15 minutes). Pody Procis and shock (both of which are a kind of legus) may be underwater for one hour to emerge for the next breathing.

The characteristic of the water surface is formed when the whale discharges warm air, mixing with the cold air on the water surface, and occurs when it becomes a small water drop. These jokes are not only different in the shape formed from one or two holes, but also have different holes and animals, so they have a characteristic depending on the group and species. Due to these differences, biologists and enthusiasts can judge the type of whaling from a distance when they observe whales and see the flow. Both whales and whales breathe with respiratory holes that correspond to whale nostrils. Whales exhale warm air, encounter cold air on the surface of the water and condens them, and when it becomes a small water drops, a remarkable posture is formed on the surface of the water. (Andrew Russell, Flickr)

The characteristic of the water surface is formed when the whale discharges warm air, mixing with the cold air on the water surface, and occurs when it becomes a small water drop. These jokes are not only different in the shape formed from one or two holes, but also have different holes and animals, so they have a characteristic depending on the group and species. Due to these differences, biologists and enthusiasts can judge the type of whaling from a distance when they observe whales and see the flow. Both whales and whales breathe with respiratory holes that correspond to whales. Whales exhale warm air, encounter cold air on the surface of the water and condens them, and when it becomes a small water drops, a remarkable posture is formed on the surface of the water. (Andrew Russell, Flickr)

Diversity

Toothed versus Baleen Whales

Since the vital capacity of the white whale is equivalent to 1. 300 liters, whales can continue to swim for a long time without rising for breathing. However, the respiratory system and cardiovascular system of whales are much more efficient than land mammals. Humans can only absorb 15 to 20 % of oxygen inhaled in one breath, but whales reach 80 % of blood components. Whale and whale will reduce your heart rate when diving and increase your heart rate and increase the number of myoglobin molecules in the blood, so that oxygen can be taken more efficiently. Whales can hold more Myoglobin thanks to the special "no n-sticky" characteristics that prevent the surface of blood cells from clogging and clogging blood flow. The streamlined body also helps reduce the amount of oxygen required.

Despite the need to emerge regularly for breathing, whales can dive to a considerable depth. Orca usually takes about 1 to 5 minutes to rise, but can still reach the depth of 300 feet (100 meters). Makko whales dive for more than an hour and can dive to a depth of more than 6000 feet (about 1828 meters). Mackerel whales have a record of 2. 992 meters, comparable to the height of the Empire State Building. Makko whales, whales, and band virkers are all deep divers, and have some indications that you can experience high pressure in a space filled with lungs, nasal cavity, and other air (along with other dee p-sea diving seals). I am. Since whales do not breathe in the submarine (the oxygen in the blood is stored), the rise in pressure causes the lungs to collapse, the amount of nitrogen entering the blood flow is reduced, and dangerous bubbles are formed when they return to the surface of the water. The risk of being taken is reduced. SCUBA diver bubble plexor). It can also block blood supply to the limbs and preserve oxyge n-rich blood to the heart and brain. Other cavities, such as the ear canal and sinuses, are equivalent to 1. 300 liters in the hollow whales, so whales can continue to swim for a long time without rising for breathing. However, the respiratory system and cardiovascular system of whales are much more efficient than land mammals. Humans can only absorb 15 to 20 % of oxygen inhaled in one breath, but whales reach 80 % of blood components. Whale and whale will reduce your heart rate when diving and increase your heart rate and increase the number of myoglobin molecules in the blood, so that oxygen can be taken more efficiently. Whales can hold more Myoglobin thanks to the special "no n-sticky" characteristics that prevent the surface of blood cells from clogging and clogging blood flow. The streamlined body also helps reduce the amount of oxygen required.

Despite the need to emerge regularly for breathing, whales can dive to a considerable depth. Orca usually takes about 1 to 5 minutes to rise, but can still reach the depth of 300 feet (100 meters). Makko whales dive for more than an hour and can dive to a depth of more than 6000 feet (about 1828 meters). Mackerel whales have a record of 2. 992 meters, comparable to the height of the Empire State Building. Makko whales, whales, and band virkers are all deep divers, and have some indications that you can experience high pressure in a space filled with lungs, nasal cavity, and other air (along with other dee p-sea diving seals). I am. Since whales do not breathe in the submarine (the oxygen in the blood is stored), the rise in pressure causes the lungs to collapse, the amount of nitrogen entering the blood flow is reduced, and dangerous bubbles are formed when they return to the surface of the water. The risk of being taken is reduced. SCUBA diver bubble plexor). It can also block blood supply to the limbs and preserve oxyge n-rich blood to the heart and brain. Other hollo w-ups and other hollow sirona gas whales are equivalent to 1. 300 liters, so whales can continue to swim for a long time without floating for breathing. However, the respiratory system and cardiovascular system of whales are much more efficient than land mammals. Humans can only absorb 15 to 20 % of oxygen inhaled in one breath, but whales reach 80 % of blood components. Whale and whale will reduce your heart rate when diving and increase your heart rate and increase the number of myoglobin molecules in the blood, so that oxygen can be taken more efficiently. Whales can hold more Myoglobin thanks to the special "no n-sticky" characteristics that prevent the surface of blood cells from clogging and clogging blood flow. The streamlined body also helps reduce the amount of oxygen required.

How can whales and dolphins stay in the box while swimming? They have a certain number of ways (see Nutrition and Breathing) to keep water from dripping into their breathing holes, even while they sleep. But whales have to consciously take off and hang on to the plane. As a result, they never have the opportunity to completely switch off their individual brains to sleep. In the case of dolphins, while they keep swimming and hanging on, the brain center switches off for a short time and the opposite hemisphere comes into play to monitor for threats (literally open every day!). Whales keep switching sides until they fall into full sleep within 8 hours. Whales are still semi-conscious, resting with their bodies vertical or horizontal, and usually move around in groups. Box behavior is the position whales and dolphins find themselves in when they are in an airplane. They don't ride on floats.

(See the Behavior section for information on whale vision and hearing).

Sound and hearing production

Like other mammals, all whales have every opportunity to support the throat organs and produce sounds. In the case of whales, between the breathing opening and the non-digits there is a special throat called a U-fold, which is directly connected to the original inflatable bag in the whale's chest. When a whale "speaks", air comes out of the drone, flows through the U-fold and fills the bag. The pulsation made by the U-fold is reflected from the air-filled bag. This system allows whales to produce a rather boomy sound that beats 1000 km. The whale also has every opportunity to sing when it takes the air out of the pocket and returns it to the light, that is, when, in the process of processing the air, it is freed from the need to exhale.

Hearing leads to the perception of pulsation, and the fluctuations of underwater sound compare not only the ear membrane but the entire skull. As a result, the underwater sound seen by a person is distorted. Whales have developed floating bones of the middle and inner ear over millions of years that allow them to hear more clearly. The ear bones where the middle ear is located are practically separate from the skull, and there is a video camera around the ear bone that hinges on the skull. Hearing is important for whaling, for example toothed whales, but it is quite possible that their mechanisms for perceiving and interpreting sound are different.

Credit: Courtesy of Kait Frasier

Like dolphins, beaked whales send out pulses of high-frequency sound into the water that act like SONAR pings to find prey in the dark waters of the deep ocean. Each image emits a unique frequency, allowing scientists to identify it using sound recording devices such as hydrophones. Listen to the audio image above.

Evolution

A Move to the Sea

Toothed whales perceive high-frequency sounds through specialized "acoustic vessels" that run along the mandibles and connect to the inner ear. They navigate and "see" objects using echolocation. Toothed whales can extend their sound repertoire to higher frequencies thanks to their weightless nose pouches and a thick melon on their forehead. As air passes through the nose pouches, a small fat body wiggles to produce sound. The sound then passes through the melon, which itself probably acts as an acoustic lens, focusing the sound and its target. Whales have the ability to change the shape of their melon to produce a variety of sounds. For example, there are many opportunities to complicate the high-frequency sounds used for echolocation. Toothed whales hear these echoes through the fat pads in their jaws. The fat sends the frequency sounds to the ossicles, which the whale's enormous brain processes, giving them insight into the world and the objects in it through sound.

An unidentified ear tip from the State Museum of Natural History. The thin and black layers are formed by the accumulation of keratin and lipids and can be used to determine the whale's age. (Megan Chen, NMNH)

Whales are specialized for detecting low-frequency sounds and communicating over long distances. They also have an oily substance that seems to play an important role in hearing, but the specific mechanism is poorly understood. Scientists at Smithsonian University plan to investigate how the two groups came to have such different hearing.

In all whales, the auditory tube is hidden by a dense, grayish membrane. Unlike most mammals, whales do not have an external ear.

Follow the Food

The physics of light determine how vision works On land, where there is plenty of light, humans use three specific color receptors to see the world. But underwater, light is filtered and many wavelengths are lost in the deep ocean, so colors lose brightness and disappear completely in the deep ocean. Whales adapted to this environment have only one color receptor: they see in shades of gray to see well in the dark, and they have large pupils to let as much light as possible through. But the murky waters of the Ganges were too dark for the river dolphins that live there. Over time, they lost their vision completely because they have no lenses, but it is thought that they still use their eyes to perceive light and rely instead on echolocation to navigate and hunt prey.

The elongated part of a gray whale's eye.

Ecology

Distribution

Whales also adjust the shape of their eyes to see well underwater. Land animals, including humans, rely on the cornea (the clear outer layer of the eye). The cornea focuses the image using a property called refractive index (how light bends as it passes through different materials). When light passes through air and falls on the eyeball, it is refracted and, with a little help from the lens, forms a focused image on the retina. Underwater, the eyeball and the water fluid are very similar, making land animals less palatable. The light is not bent enough and the image is focused inefficiently. To compensate for this, whales rely solely on the lens to focus, but this is not very effective. Whales' lenses are rounded to help them focus, while ours are a bit flatter.

Whales' vision is different from ours, as they have two different fields of view because they look out both sides of their heads, but scientists still don't know how they combine these two fields of view into one image. Some species with narrow faces, such as dolphins and beluga whales, can use binocular vision to see a single combined image like humans.

The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is large, but not the largest whale. The difference is with the blue whale (Balaenoptera Musculus). (Smithsonoff Institute)

Odontoceti

Population Size

The living whale groups that are alive now are legal whales or Odonticeti. It has more than 70 appearance that lives from the cool Arctic sea to the warm tropical waters. Odoncetti contains dolphins, guinea pigs, larger coils, spatial whales, and river dolphins. This group contains a large number of extinct families, which are all types of extinct legal whales, with the closest relatives in one of them, suggesting the original extinct group in other cases. There is.

A male mackerel male who eats on an airplane. (© NATHALIE JAQUET)

Makko Whale (PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS) -Large whale reaches 66 feet (20 meters) in total. Vacoena Sinus, Cephalorhynchus Hectori, Maui (Cephalorhynchus Hectori Maui) -Eplidates the smallest in the wreckage, at least 5 feet (about 8 meters). Monodon Monoceros is popular with its own long birth BOSM, giving conversion fangs. They are more closely related to the cult-Beluga (Delphinapterus Leucas).

Breeding

There are nearly 40 followers in the dolphin family, and some scholars think they are somewhat chaotic. These are ocea n-oriented dolphins, including bands virka, dolphin spinner, and effects of Ephemeral Whales (Globicephala Spp. ) In this review, it will be called Orcinus ORCA. Dolphins are popular for their own streamlined body, elongated ribs, and curved back fins. Killed-a big supporter of the dolphin.

Records belong to the genus PhoCoenidae, with six supporters. The guinea pigs have a stronger body than the true dolphin, has a short nose, tends to be small, and has a triangle. The living whale groups that are alive now are legal or Odonceci. It has more than 70 appearance that lives from the cool Arctic sea to the warm tropical waters. Odoncetti contains dolphins, guinea pigs, larger coils, spatial whales, and river dolphins. This group contains a large number of extinct families, which are all types of extinct legal whales, with the closest relatives in one of them, suggesting the original extinct group in other cases. There is.

A male mackerel male who eats on an airplane. (© NATHALIE JAQUET)

Life-span

Records belong to the genus PhoCoenidae, with six supporters. The guinea pigs have a stronger body than the true dolphin, has a short nose, tends to be small, and has a triangle. The living whale groups that are alive now are legal whales or Odonticeti. It has more than 70 appearance that lives from the cool Arctic sea to the warm tropical waters. Odoncetti contains dolphins, guinea pigs, larger coils, spatial whales, and river dolphins. This group contains a large number of extinct families, which are all types of extinct legal whales, with the closest relatives in one of them, suggesting the original extinct group in other cases. There is.

Behavior

Communication

A male mackerel male who eats on an airplane. (© NATHALIE JAQUET)

Records belong to the genus PhoCoenidae, with six supporters. The guinea pigs have a stronger body than the true dolphin, has a short nose, tends to be small, and has a triangle.

Makko whales, Kogia Breviceps, and Kogia Sima form a PHYSETEROIDEA Junka. The heads of large whales in Kamina are spell masech, which is used for communication and echocolocation (see the terms of "Echo Location" and "Communication" for details). Maletle whale male is the largest of the legal whales, reaching 60 feet in total, but an average of 36 feet. The phenomenon with a large male and female physique is called gende r-type, and such male and female physique is found in many whales.

Getting Social

Makabo whales are one of the most mysterious legal whales and spend most of the time in the deep sea. The whale whales (Ziphius Cavirostris) and the Barardius Bairdii can dive to a depth of 1, 000 meters or more.

Mistyketty

Whales that feed filtration belong to the Mysticeti tribe. This group has a smaller number of whales, and currently has only 14 species of 4 departments. The largest species are the Naga Works, which includes Balaenoptera Musculus. Sirona gas whales can reach a length of 30 meters (98 feet) or more and weighs more than 190 tons. Whales contain the North Atlantic Palace (Eubalaena Japonica) and Eubalaena Australis. Other whales include a mysterious dwarf whale (Caperea Marginata) and EschRichtius Robuustus, which currently live only in Southern South Ice. Kobiregondo is only about 6 meters long and is smallest among whales.

In August 2004, Phoenix eats food off the main state. (Union Whale, Atlantic University)

Whales are inhabited in the sea around the world, named after a large amount of seawater in the mouth of whales (see the "Nutrition" section). Whale females tend to be larger than the same species, which is also an example of sexual type. Makko whales, Kogia Breviceps, and Himemakko whale (KOGIA SIMA) have formed PHYSETEROIDEA. The heads of large whales in Kamina are spell masech, which is used for communication and echocolocation (see the terms of "Echo Location" and "Communication" for details). Maletle whale male is the largest of the legal whales, reaching 60 feet in total, but an average of 36 feet. The phenomenon with a large male and female physique is called gende r-type, and such male and female physique is found in many whales.

At the Surface

Mistyketty

In August 2004, Phoenix eats food off the main state. (Union Whale, Atlantic University)

Whales are inhabited in the sea around the world, named after a large amount of seawater in the mouth of whales (see the "Nutrition" section). Whale females tend to be larger than the same species, which is also an example of sexual type. Makko whales, Kogia Breviceps, and Kogia Sima form a PHYSETEROIDEA Junka. The heads of large whales in Kamina are spell masech, which is used for communication and echocolocation (see the terms of "Echo Location" and "Communication" for details). Maletle whale male is the largest of the legal whales, reaching 60 feet in total, but an average of 36 feet. The phenomenon with a large male and female physique is called gende r-type, and such male and female physique is found in many whales.

In the Food Web

Feeding Mechanisms

Mistyketty

In August 2004, Phoenix eats food off the main state. (Union Whale, Atlantic University)

Whailing fossils can help scientists understand how the current whales have evolved in the past 50 million years since the first whale lived on land. Early whale fossils, such as Paxetus, walked on four legs 50 million years ago and fished on the current Pakistan and the Southern Asian river and estuary in India. Between 5 million and 10 million years, early whales diversified in various forms of extinction and tried various forms specializing in underwater life. Some look like a more evolved crocodile, and some look more like sea lions and otters. In these species, for example, like Myasetus, it was possible to move underwater with a strong tail support, but it is highly likely that he had no tail fin.

Smilesonian University

The posterior legs, the nostrils of the breathing in front of the nose, and the teeth of different sizes (like advanced whales, different from the teeth growing from the front of whales and whales). Less than 40 million years ago, early whale fossils, such as Maia Setus and Pelegosetus discovered in Peru, had powerful hind legs. These fossils contain ankle bone, which contains bones called astragars, which contain double towing, like other fou r-legged hoofing, such as cows, camels, pigs, deer, and hippos.

Approximately 40 million years ago, a complete aquatic whale, such as Bashiro Saurus, was first witnessed. These whales had a small hind legs that could not withstand the authority on land, and the fins had an elbow joint. The small hind legs suggest a connection between the basil saurus and the ancestors living on land, but their inner ears indicate the uniformity of advanced whales. Even today, whales still have traces of the ancestors of ancient landleaders, and there is a remnant of a small hind leg bone on the waist. Basilosaurus fossils were found in the United States in the 1840s, and the Smithsonian Museum has exhibited this early whale skeleton from the late 19th century. And now, the complete skeleton of Basilosaurus is on display at Santa Ocean Hall.

Finding Food

This family tree indicates that whale's ancestors have gradually moved from land to sea. (Mary Palish / Smithsonian Museum) Whale fossils understand how the current whales have evolved in the past 50 million years since the first whale lived on land. It is useful. Early whale fossils, such as Paxetus, walked on four legs 50 million years ago and fished on the current Pakistan and the Southern Asian river and estuary in India. Between 5 million and 10 million years, early whales diversified in various forms of extinction and tried various forms specializing in underwater life. Some look like a more evolved crocodile, and some look more like sea lions and otters. In these species, for example, like Myasetus, it was possible to move underwater with a strong tail support, but it is highly likely that he had no tail fin.

Smilesonian University

Predators

Parasites

This family tree indicates that whale's ancestors have gradually moved from land to sea. (Mary Palish / Smithsonian Museum) Whale fossils help scientists understand how the current whales have evolved in the past 50 million years since the first whale lived on land. 。 Early whale fossils, such as Paxetus, walked on four legs 50 million years ago and fished on the current Pakistan and the Southern Asian river and estuary in India. Between 5 million and 10 million years, early whales diversified in various forms of extinction and tried various forms specializing in underwater life. Some look like a more evolved crocodile, and some look more like sea lions and otters. In these species, for example, like Myasetus, it was possible to move underwater with a strong tail support, but it is highly likely that he had no tail fin.

Smilesonian University

The posterior legs, the nostrils of the breathing in front of the nose, and the teeth of different sizes (like advanced whales, different from the teeth growing from the front of whales and whales). Less than 40 million years ago, early whale fossils, such as Maia Setus and Pelegosetus discovered in Peru, had powerful hind legs. These fossils contain ankle bone, which contains bones called astragarus, which contains doubl e-towing bones, like other fou r-legged hoofing, such as cows, camels, pigs, deer, and hippos.

Human Connections

Whaling

This family tree indicates that whale's ancestors have gradually moved from land to sea. (Mary Parish / Smithsonian Museum)

But why did these land animals moved underwater? From the end of the Cretaceous, when large marine reptiles died as a result of the extinction of Cretaceous and the third, there were no large predators in the ocean (excluding sharks). It evolved the mammals-the number of marine whales that were most injured in the beginning of the new generation, and left a huge opening, for example, in the sea, which was rich in Ambroosia. Apart from this, the injured whale has had the opportunity to test the pressure of other predators on land, or returned to the sea on a terrain that we could not explore.

At the end of the Kennai, the wounded whale was died, and the first descendants of the whale were completely aquatic whales such as Basilosaurus, divided into two major groups of whales we are late. Whaling (Mysticetes) and teeth (OdontoCetes). The ancient Mysticetes had no whaling and probably no filter. Mystacodon Selensis, the oldest Misticetes fossil, was actually living within 36 million years ago. (The oldest whale fossils are Simosetus Rei from Oregon, and is stored in the Faculty of NMNH's Faculty of Life, about 33 million years.) In 2018, scientists from NMNH and other universities sketched MaiaBalaena Nesbittae, which did not eat teeth or whales, but more faster, for example, as a whale with other teeth. Ta. Generally, the advanced Mysticites and the ancestors at the exit were smaller than the very large size of several advanced appearance-they were about the volume of the killer whale due to the volume of the bottle renovarka.

A sem i-wase that moves seasonally on the east coast of the United States. (Quoted from the graph of Woodshou Kaiwai University E. Paul Oberlander.) But why did these land animals moved underwater? From the end of the Cretaceous, when large marine reptiles died as a result of the extinction of Cretaceous and the third, there were no large predators in the ocean (excluding sharks). It evolved the mammals-the number of marine whales that were most injured in the beginning of the new generation, and left a huge opening, for example, in the sea, which was rich in Ambroosia. Apart from this, the injured whale has had the opportunity to test the pressure of other predators on land, or returned to the sea on a terrain that we could not explore.

A sem i-wase that moves seasonally on the east coast of the United States. (Quoted from the graph of Woodshou Kaiwai University E. Paul Oberlander.) But why did these land animals moved underwater? From the end of the Cretaceous, when large marine reptiles died as a result of the extinction of Cretaceous and the third, there were no large predators in the ocean (excluding sharks). It evolved the mammals-the number of marine whales that were most injured in the beginning of the new generation, and left a huge opening, for example, in the sea, which was rich in Ambroosia. Apart from this, the injured whale has had the opportunity to test the pressure of other predators on land, or returned to the sea on a terrain that we could not explore.

Captivity

A sem i-wase that moves seasonally on the east coast of the United States. (Quoted from the graph of Woodshou Kaiwai University E. Paul Oberlander.)

From shallow waters to deep sea, from cold stream to warm current, polar to poles, and tropical latitude in the meantime. There is even a whale that lives only in freshwater ecosystems. Some whales do large migration as needed. Many whales go to warm waters for mating and childbirth in winter, and go to a cold waters with abundant feeding in summer. These whales move tens of kilometers in a few months, traveling at 10 miles per hour (about 8 kg), and even slower during the feeding. Dolphins and other legumes are also migrating, but the distance is usually shorter than large whales. But not all whales do not migrate. Balaenoptera Brydei is bred only in a tropical waters, and the endangered Vaketa inhabits only in the northern California Bay.

You may think that whales have a large body, so it may not be difficult to track that movement, but it is more difficult than expected. While some species know the mobile route, some species are still inseparable. For example, Minami Semijira breeds in the warm tropical waters along South Africa, Australia, and South America, and breastfeeds a newborn child whale, but scientists cannot tell exactly where the winter feeding is.

Some dolphins and sea lines live near the shore, so it is easy to find. Two of the three types of bandwolkers, TURSIOPS ADUNGUS and Boulons Australis, spend most of their time along the coastal area. However, the band virular (familiar with the TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS, the TV drama "FLIPPER") is divided into two individuals spending time near the sea or coastal. Dolphins, which live in the coastal area, tend to be small and light in color. PHOCOENA PHOCOENA generally lives near the coast and floats in shallow ports and bays. When the cold begins, dolphins and guinea pigs move to warm sea areas, but they do not move long, like large whales. From shallow waters to deep sea, from cold stream to warm current, from polar to poles, and tropical latitude in between. There is even a whale that lives only in freshwater ecosystems. Some whales do large migration as needed. Many whales go to warm waters for mating and childbirth in winter, and go to a cold waters with abundant feeding in summer. These whales move tens of kilometers in a few months, traveling at 10 miles per hour (about 8 kg), and even slower during the feeding. Dolphins and other legumes are also migrating, but the distance is usually shorter than large whales. But not all whales do not migrate. Balaenoptera Brydei is bred only in a tropical waters, and the endangered Vaketa inhabits only in the northern California Bay.

Some dolphins and sea lines live near the shore, so it is easy to find. Two of the three types of bandwolkers, TURSIOPS ADUNGUS and Boulons Australis, spend most of their time along the coastal area. However, the band virular (familiar with the TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS, the TV drama "FLIPPER") is divided into two individuals spending time near the sea or coastal. Dolphins, which live in the coastal area, tend to be small and light in color. PHOCOENA PHOCOENA generally lives near the coast and floats in shallow ports and bays. When the cold begins, dolphins and guinea pigs move to warm sea areas, but they do not move long, like large whales. From shallow waters to deep sea, from cold stream to warm current, polar to poles, and tropical latitude in the meantime. There is even a whale that lives only in freshwater ecosystems. Some whales do large migration as needed. Many whales go to warm waters for mating and childbirth in winter, and go to a cold waters with abundant feeding in summer. These whales move tens of kilometers in a few months, traveling at 10 miles per hour (about 8 kg), and even slower during the feeding. Dolphins and other legumes are also migrating, but the distance is usually shorter than large whales. But not all whales do not migrate. Balaenoptera Brydei is bred only in a tropical waters, and the endangered Vaketa inhabits only in the northern California Bay.

Whale Watching

It is difficult for scientists to know how many whales are inhabited in our sea in real time in real time. It is not enough to grasp the population in real time in real time, and is ideal for preservation and management of the population, but it is also important to cover the decrease and increase of the population. Scientists use a variety of ways to know the current value of the number of whales. The International Whaling Committee is an internationally recognized organization that regulates whaling and organizes scientific discussions on whale protection issues. It is still possible to be able to estimate by supporting underwater sound records, tagging and r e-capturing, and visual identification by the number and scars. It is more difficult to investigate individuals that live in the ocean, not coastal ecosystems. For example, there is not enough knowledge of shock whales with very long time in cold and hard waters and without sufficient numbers.

Books, Film & Music

Researchers Moira Brown and Yang Gilvo at Fresh Britain Aquarium are conducting a weightless survey of the North Atlantic Semija in the Rosue Sea Bon in Canada (provided by Fresh Britain Aquarium).

It is important not only to evaluate whales as well as the current number of individuals, but also to evaluate past individuals. According to the first survey, 3 million whales were killed during the period of paid whaling. In the 19th century, larg e-scale paid whaling reduced the number of whales, making it more difficult to think about the number of whales. In order to determine the number of past individuals, scientists use past whaling data and genetic methods (comparison of genetic contrasts in advanced individual whales). It is difficult for scientists to know how many whales inhabits and the number of whales in real time in our sea in real time. It is not enough to grasp the population in real time in real time, and it is ideal for preservation and management of the individual, but it is also important to cover the decrease and increase in the number of individuals. Scientists use a variety of ways to know the current value of the number of whales. The International Whaling Committee is an internationally recognized organization that regulates whaling and organizes scientific discussions on whale protection issues. It is still possible to be able to estimate by supporting underwater sound records, tagging and r e-capturing, and visual identification by the number and scars. It is more difficult to investigate individuals that live in the ocean, not coastal ecosystems. For example, there is not enough knowledge of shock whales with very long time in cold and hard waters and without sufficient numbers.

Researchers Moira Brown and Yang Gilvo at Fresh Britain Aquarium are conducting a weightless survey of the North Atlantic Semija in the Rosue Sea Bon in Canada (provided by Fresh Britain Aquarium).

It is important not only to evaluate whales as well as the current number of individuals, but also to evaluate past individuals. According to the first survey, 3 million whales were killed during the period of paid whaling. In the 19th century, larg e-scale paid whaling reduced the number of whales, making it more difficult to think about the number of whales. In order to determine the number of past individuals, scientists use past whaling data and genetic methods (comparison of genetic contrasts in advanced individual whales). It is difficult for scientists to know how many whales are inhabited in our sea in real time in real time. It is not enough to grasp the population in real time in real time, and it is ideal for preservation and management of the individual, but it is also important to cover the decrease and increase in the number of individuals. Scientists use a variety of ways to know the current value of the number of whales. The International Whaling Committee is an internationally recognized organization that regulates whaling and organizes scientific discussions on whale protection issues. There is still a good chance that it will be possible to estimate by supporting underwater acoustic records, tagging and r e-capturing, and visual identification by the number of individuals and scars. It is more difficult to investigate individuals that live in the ocean, not coastal ecosystems. For example, there is not enough knowledge of shock whales with very long time in cold and hard waters and without sufficient numbers.

Researchers Moira Brown and Yang Gilvo at Fresh Britain Aquarium are conducting a weightless survey of the North Atlantic Semija in the Rosue Sea Bon in Canada (provided by Fresh Britain Aquarium).

Myths & Legends

The kit type is breeded by the body fertilization. In principle, mating is performed in a specific season and a specific sea area. For most ki t-type whales, this means mating and childbirth in the warm tropical waters in winter (see the "distribution" section above). In fact, whales like killer whales and other teeth mate all year round. If the appearance is different, the behavior at the time of mating will be different, and female and male mate with different individuals to develop the chance of breeding victory.

Although the sem i-wisdom in the northern Atlantic has at least 450 individuals, it has been designated as an endangered species, and until 2013, scientists did not know where they would mate. In 2014, scientists found that the appearance was actually planning to breed in the waters of the Men Bay in the Northern Hemisphere in winter. The followers of this appearance can be seen in groups away from the water, playing, rubbing, or pushing their friends into the generally courtesy framework. Dolphins also show symptoms of courtship behavior, sometimes turned into bold marriage and sexy behaviors unrelated to reproduction.

Conservation

Threats

Entanglement & Marine Debris

Like humans, females also have a long pregnancy period, usually 10 to 17 months. Females usually give birth in one time and have a small number of children throughout their lives. The whale usually puts the tail forward, but in the evolution situation, whales have given birth to other land and child mammal s-the extinct Myketus whale fossils actually gave birth to their head. Show (you are a natural situation Santo Ocean Hall State Museum where you can see the Mai Ketus skeleton). It is not clear when the whale first learns about giving birth to the tail in front, but the earliest that happened was when it moved from the land to the sea (evolution above). See the section). In evolved whales, mothers often help their babies to get out of the water airplane, prepare their first breathing, and continue to help with predators. Later, whale's family will saturate the milk whale of milk, which contains a large amount of protein and fat, with dense, luxurious and satisfying drugs. Later, the child whale, who gave birth, stayed with his mother for six months to two years. This time, which requires a lot of energy consumption, means that whales often do not give birth to one turnip in the direction of several years. Sirona Gas whale whales can gain 100 kg in one childbirth.

Cetaceans live a long time, but some data on their lifespan is a bit confusing because they are not easily tracked. Most whales live at least 20 years, and some even longer. Bowhead whales live 200 years, fin whales 100 years, and toothed whales 20-60 years. Captivity can significantly shorten an animal's lifespan. One study found that only 27% of captive orcas make it to age 15, while 80% reach this age in the wild.

It's hard for scientists to get information on the age of whales and dolphins. They can get information from discarded whale carcasses and bones preserved in museums from years of whaling. To find out the age of living whales, scientists have looked at unusual parts of whales: their earwax and skin cells. Whales secrete a lot of earwax every day throughout their lives, like the rings of a tree. This allows us to estimate the age of the whale while recognizing which pollutants it has been exposed to during its life.

Shipping Vessels

Whales live a social life and have devised a complex system of communication to recognize each other, coordinate the influence of their masses and maintain contact over long distances. This system includes impulse sounds, whistles, songs, low noises and body language that convey all kinds of impressions. The beluga whale is even more noisy and was called the "canary of the sea" for its cheerful song.

The vocalization abilities of bottlenose dolphins are one of the best studied among cetaceans. They use a variety of whistles and in some parts of the world also bangles and bangle. Each individual also has a whistle that resembles its own name, which it uses to communicate information about itself and its location. Dolphins discover and master these "names" during their early childhood. Dolphins still have every opportunity to recognize the characteristic whistles of other individuals and call out to each other when they meet.

TED-Ed, Stephanie Sardelis

Noise Pollution

Both warblings and Poppo use the unique cry of the group, which helps to know the individuals in their own society. In the case of killer whales, these squeals are often used to identify friends and collaborate with common hunting. Makko whale still emits only some of the specific social associations. These sounds, called cords, suggest a series of rhythmical clicks with a wide frequency used by whales for socialization. In fact, the mother can communicate the code from generations to generations by transmitting the code of a specific dialect to the whale.

In many whaling, such as Greenland, Sirona Gas, Mink Whale, and Wirena Gaps, communication takes a song. Sometimes the ben d-a -bending whale feasts continue to sing for a few hours. Each song of the stoop whales has a specific structure. TIRADEAS is composed of individual sounds, such as keyky sounds, whistles, umwear voices, and walds. Whales living in one area generally sing the same song, but gradually changes depending on the season. However, sometimes the whales in the migration actually cross the border, and one whale group comes across a more familiar song. Scientists have linked this with the Cultural Revolution. Why do the bent whales sing? Researchers have not questioned so far, but almost all guesses are the best for mating.

Successes

The band dolphin is a fairly highly public animal that moves frequently and creates a group of hunting called a flock. (NOAA)

Most whales are social creatures. Most of them live in small and mediu m-sized groups of the year. Whales often plan to be together to perform specific actions, such as breeding, moving, feeding, and the formation of larvae. The ocean dolphin forms an unusually huge group with more than 1, 000 flocks. Dolphins, which live in rivers, live in a uni t-type life that acts in pairs. Both Was and Poppo use the unique squeals for the group, which helps to know the individuals in their own society. In the case of killer whales, these squeals are often used to identify friends and collaborate with common hunting. Makko whale still emits only some of the specific social associations. These sounds, called cords, suggest a series of rhythmical clicks with a wide frequency used by whales for socialization. In fact, the mother can communicate the code from generations to generations by transmitting the code of a specific dialect to the whale.

At the Smithsonian

The band dolphin is a fairly highly public animal that moves frequently and creates a group of hunting called a flock. (NOAA)

Most whales are social creatures. Most of them live in small and mediu m-sized groups of the year. Whales often plan to be together to perform specific actions, such as breeding, moving, feeding, and the formation of larvae. The ocean dolphin forms an unusually huge group with more than 1, 000 flocks. Dolphins, which live in rivers, live in a uni t-type life that acts in pairs. Both warblings and Poppo use the unique cry of the group, which helps to know the individuals in their own society. In the case of killer whales, these squeals are often used to identify friends and collaborate with common hunting. Makko whale still emits only some of the specific social associations. These sounds, called cords, suggest a series of rhythmical clicks with a wide frequency used by whales for socialization. In fact, the mother can communicate the code from generations to generations by transmitting the code of a specific dialect to the whale.

Exhibits: Past & Present

The 1903 Blue Whale

The band dolphin is a fairly highly public animal that moves frequently and creates a group of hunting called a flock. (NOAA)

The 1963 Blue Whale

Public whaling networks have every opportunity to promote information transfer. In 1980, it was recorded that the back-bak whales introduced a novel feeding technique, where they swung their tails along a plane. It was even found that the whales switched from herring to more abundant fish, such as finless porpoises, which are less harassed by bubble nets. However, the fish that were hit by the tail seemed to make a big fuss, forcing them to come up with a plan to make the bubble nets more effective. By 1989, this trick was used in 50% of the eastern population of back-bak whales, and the whale had been trained on his own brothers.

Podimal - one of the most public whales. Their pods consist of about 20-50 whales, and sometimes a certain number of pods can connect to form large groups of up to 100 whales. A pod may consist of one male, one female, or a combination of both. Such pod behavior was exploited in whaling in the 1800s.

The mass dynamics of pectoral whales in the Pacific Northwest have been particularly well studied. These whales live in family groups of 2 to 50 whales. Some killer whales are sedentary, meaning they have their own land, while others are considered migratory, moving from space to space with the changing of seasons. These two types of killer whales differ, including in what they like to eat. Resident killer whales feed on salmon, while migratory killer whales feed on seals, sea lions, sea pigs, and other whales.

A vented whale breaching in Antarctic waters. (Ari Friedlander)

Whales are popular for their surface tricks. The attraction of watching whales on a plane is considered the basis for a thriving tourism industry. Keet whales spend a certain amount of time at the surface and need to pump air, but whale-watching tourists don't just breathe there. In the meantime, these marine mammals are present on the plane, breathing and carrying out many other actions related to feeding and communication.

Large whales usually stay on the plane for 10-15 minutes before breathing, while whales with small teeth, like dolphins, breathe more frequently - one constant amount per minute. When breathing on a plane, a jet is often formed, which emerges from the warm air (along with mucus) into the even cooler water, condensing and forming a water current (more on this in the "Feeding and breathing" section). This jet varies in volume and shape depending on its appearance, and it is quite possible that it is applied to determine the appearance from a distance.

The 2003 Right Whale – Phoenix

A large jump with almost the whole body appears from the water surface is called an eefergence. It is not clear why whales make such a jump, but warnings to other whales in the group, courtship, physical removal of unnecessary parasites, and air in the storm to air. There are various types, such as gaining the best access and elemental play. Whales have the opportunity to jump only once and to jump over and over again, but the more they are, the more energy increases. However, "tapering" that jumps out of the sea over and over again is considered an effective exercise method, and dolphins and sea pigs are used to reduce the amount of energy spent on bathing at a huge distance. Dolphins still slide on the shore near the bow.

In the whale watching, loob styling (action of tail fins rising or falling on the surface of the water), bausing pectra fins (actions of side fins up and down), spaying (whales look around on the surface of the water. It is also possible to observe other behaviors such as dehydration). This behavior is encountered by all whaling, but the large whale is more frequently encountered as a fly, pot and grayish whale. The purpose depends on the appearance and event. Walkers are used for a squeal, fastest, and this for this, so there is another one to see the prey on a flat (PDF) or floating.

The sem i-wisdom opens a widespread mouth and shows a large whale plate hanging from the upper chin. (© Mason Weinrich, Kitat's Middle of Fresh England)

Narwhal: Revealing an Arctic Legend

Whales are a large animal, and it is necessary to maintain the energy necessary to swim, breed, leave offspring, and protect themselves from predators. To do so, appropriate bait is required. The kit form gained the title from the power strategy. Supporting a huge whale plate, thousands of gallon seawater filled with prey is filtered. This plate is lined up hundreds of sheets and is attached to the whale on the whale. The fangs are composed of keratin. Keratin is also in human nails and hair. The keratin relaxes at the edge, and it helps to form a small animal by forming a thread similar to a comb. The large whale (including the huge whale whales on the ground) prey on the smallest creatures that live in the sea. Their whales are filtered with water, catching krills (small floating crustaceans), different plankton, and small fish. To increase productivity, whales usually look for places with the highest prey density.

Land geography

Research

How did whales get so big?

Most whales drink huge seawater at a stretch near the plane. These appearance, like a whale, eat food with a drink, and the sem i-whale swims continuously with his mouth open. Scientists pointed out that the whales of the shirona gas gills actually spread their mouths and rotated 360 degrees during the attack, binding Utonus with the response of their prey, and gaining more krills. In the peak of eating food in Antarctica, Sirona Gas Whales has the ability to absorb 1 ton of krills a day and swallow as much krill of their weight. During feeding, tall whales act in a flock. This is because whales begin to dive and bubble to draw a circle under the surface of the water. The bubbles are connected and rise to the plane, causing confusion, forming an actual network around the fish. After this, other whales rose through the middle, the fish are moved to a flat surface, and swallowed like a fish in the barrel. Only flying whales in the predation period face this network, called a bubble network. Sweet whales and visas are eaten at the end of the seabed, absorbing prey in sil t-sediment, and filtering them with their own whales.

Not all legal whales are no doubt. Salumwhael teeth work to catch prey, not to chew. Zubatiwa gags prey on a single prey, but whales are different from hundreds or thousands of individuals with small prey. Most dolphins are conical, but the locks of the sea lines are flat. The number of teeth varies from several to dozens to hundreds of teeth.

Tracking Whales from Space

There are two narbal teeth, but sometimes the females break through the gums and rupture them, and in the male, they can only rupture once, in principle, and have long teeth similar to the famous unicorn. There are exceptions, and women may be cut off. Men may cut two teeth, but the first one may not be cut. In some men, two teeth are cut out, but some are not cut out.

Cerro Ballena

A bottl e-dolphin that has a sponge that uses it as a tool that digs seafood from the seabed. (Eva Kushik, Science Shoin) Most whales drink huge seawater at once near the plane. These appearance, like a whale, eat food with a drink, and the sem i-whale swims continuously with his mouth open. Scientists pointed out that the whales of the shirona gas gills actually spread their mouths and rotated 360 degrees during the attack, binding Utonus with the response of their prey, and gaining more krills. In the peak of eating food in Antarctica, Sirona Gas Whales has the ability to absorb 1 ton of krills a day and swallow as much krill of their weight. During feeding, tall whales act in a flock. This is because whales begin to dive and bubble to draw a circle under the surface of the water. The bubbles are connected and rise to the plane, causing confusion, forming an actual network around the fish. After this, other whales rose through the middle, the fish are moved to a flat surface, and swallowed like a fish in the barrel. Only flying whales in the predation period face this network, called a bubble network. Sweet whales and visas are eaten at the end of the seabed, absorbing prey in sil t-sediment, and filtering them with their own whales.

Learning From Mysterious Baleen

A bottl e-dolphin that has a sponge that uses it as a tool that digs seafood from the seabed. (Eva Kushik, Science Shoin) Most of the whales drink huge seawater at a stretch near the plane. These appearance, like a whale, eat food with a drink, and the sem i-whale swims continuously with his mouth open. Scientists pointed out that the whales of the shirona gas gills actually spread their mouths and rotated 360 degrees during the attack, binding Utonus with the response of their prey, and gaining more krills. In the peak of eating food in Antarctica, Sirona Gas Whales has the ability to absorb 1 ton of krills a day and swallow as much krill of their weight. During feeding, tall whales act in a flock. This is because whales begin to dive and bubble to draw a circle under the surface of the water. The bubbles are connected and rise to the plane, causing confusion, forming an actual network around the fish. After this, other whales rose through the middle, the fish are moved to a flat surface, and swallowed like a fish in the barrel. Only flying whales in the predation period face this network, called a bubble network. Sweet whales and visas are eaten at the end of the seabed, absorbing prey in sil t-sediment, and filtering them with their own whales.

Collections

Rice's Whale

A bottl e-dolphin that has a sponge that uses it as a tool that digs seafood from the seabed. (Eva Kishishik, Science Shoin)

Elim Poon - Journalist, Creative Writer

Last modified: 27.08.2024

Whales (Smithsonian) [Simon, Seymour] on irond.info *FREE* shipping on My 9 year old ocean loving son really enjoyed it. One person found this. As the largest animal known to have ever existed on our planet, blue whales can reach lengths of up to feet (approximately 30 meters), dwarfing other marine. Bowhead Whales. Preview The bowhead whale has a massive, bow-shaped skull. The bowhead whale has a massive, bow-shaped skull to break through thick Arctic ice.

Play

accepted